What is Braille Script?

Braille is a writing system invented in 1821 by Louis Braille and is widely used around the world by blind individuals for reading and writing.

Each Braille character, or "cell," consists of six dots arranged in a rectangle comprising two columns of three dots each. Each dot in the cell can either be raised or flat, and the combination of these two states across six dots allows for 64 different configurations. This enables the representation of all letters of the alphabet, numbers, mathematical symbols, as well as punctuation marks such as commas, periods, and more.

For reference and naming purposes, the dots are numbered. In right-to-left languages (like Persian), the right column dots are numbered from top to bottom as 1 to 3, and the left column dots are numbered from top to bottom as 4 to 6. For example, when dots 1, 3, and 4 are raised—that is, the top right, bottom right, and top left dots—it represents the letter "م" in Persian or "m" in English.